The memorial exemplifies what art historian James E. The Empty Library consists of a 530 by 706 by 706 centimetres (209 in × 278 in × 278 in) subterranean room lined with empty white bookshelves, beneath a glass plate in the pavement of the square. Design Appearance Visitors look through the glass into the library below The monument was unveiled on May 20, 1995. Ullman, whose work frequently deals with themes of absence and memory, proposed digging a memorial into the surface of the Bebelplatz, thus creating a void. Israeli installation artist Micha Ullman's subtle submission was selected as the winner. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Bebelplatz book burning in 1993, The Berlin Senat for Building and Housing invited thirty artists to participate in a memorial design competition. Joseph Goebbels, the German Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, spoke at the event, declaring that "the era of exaggerated Jewish intellectualism is now at an end… and the future German man will not just be a man of books… this late hour entrust to the flames the intellectual garbage of the past." Thirty-four additional book burnings took place across Germany that month. 40,000 people crowded into the Bebelplatz as 5,000 German students processed in holding burning torches to ignite the pile of books seized for the event. In Berlin, the German Student Union organized the celebratory book burnings that took place on on a dreary, rainy evening. Local chapters of the group were charged with the distribution of literary blacklists that included Jewish, Marxist, Socialist, anti-family, and anti-German literature and planned grand ceremonies for the public to gather and dispose of the objectionable material. On April 6, 1933, the Nazi German Student Association's Main Office for Press and Propaganda announced a nationwide initiative "against the un-German spirit", climaxing in a literary Säuberung, or cleansing, by fire. The memorial commemorates, when students of the National Socialist Student Union and many professors of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (today Humboldt-Universität) under the musical accompaniment of SA- and SS-Kapellen, burnt over 20,000 books from many, mainly Jewish, communist, liberal and social-critical authors, before a large audience at the university's Old Library and in the middle of the former Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Platz (1911–1947), now Bebelplatz. It is located in the centre of Berlin next to the Unter den Linden. The memorial is set into the cobblestones of the plaza and contains a collection of empty subterranean bookcases. The Empty Library (1995), also known as Bibliothek or simply Library, is a public memorial by Israeli sculptor Micha Ullman dedicated to the remembrance of the Nazi book burnings that took place in the Bebelplatz in Berlin, Germany on May 10, 1933. The Empty Library (1995) by Micha Ullman The memorial, with St. The Philosophy for Children project and program appeared in the United States at the end of the 1960s and is based on the realization that it is not possible to achieve truly free and supportive societies if we do not have people capable of thinking for themselves within the framework of a supportive and cooperative discussion process.Monument in memory of the Nazi book burnings in the Bebelplatz, Berlin, Germany Among them is Matthew Lipman, philosopher and creator of the Philosophy for Children project, who expressed the following “It is necessary to teach children to philosophize, so they will learn to think and will be able to build a better world, to be active and engaged citizens”. However, in the opinion of numerous experts, children not only can philosophize, but should do so. Philosophy, which plays a fundamental role in the formation of committed citizens and with their own judgment, has traditionally been considered a subject too abstract and obtuse for children it was thought to be a form of knowledge suitable only for the fully developed minds of adults.
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